A 5G network architecture typically requires primary reference time clocks (essentially GNSS receivers) to be installed near clusters of short-range base stations. Many clocks will be installed at street level in built-up areas, rather than on top of towers or tall buildings as has been the case with 4G. Multipath signals abound in such locations, while the narrow view of the sky often limits the number of line-of-sight satellite signals available. Both issues can severely affect a receiver’s ability to maintain accurate time, to the point where network quality of service can be seriously impacted.